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Background: To assess effect and safety of beta blockers in hypertensive patients.Material & Methods:One hundred twelve adult patients who were diagnosed cases of hypertension of either gender were divided into 2 groups. Each group contained 56 patients. Group I received 25 mg atenolol twice daily and group II received 25 mg metoprolol tartrate twice daily. History of diabetes, kidney disease, lipid disorder, incident cardiovascular (CV) events etc. was recorded. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was recorded before starting and after starting the drug therapy.Results:Age group 20-40 years had 12 in group I and 11 in group II, 41-60 years had 14 in group I and 17 in group II and >60 years had 30 in group I and 28 in group II. There were 40 males and 16 females in group I and 38 males and 18 females in group II. A significant difference in males and females within the group (P< 0.05) and non- significant intergroup difference was observed (P> 0.05). The mean SBP found to be 149.4 mm Hg in group I and 146.7 mm Hg in group II and DBP was 85.4 mm Hg in group I and 83.6 mm Hg in group II at baseline and SBP was 135.4 mm Hg in group I and 134.6 mm Hg in group II and 78.2 mm Hg in group I and 78.0 mm Hg in group II at 6 months. Diabetes mellitus was seen in 12 in group I and 19 in group II, lipid disorders 17 in group I and 28 in group II, chronic kidney disease 11 in group I and 16 in group II and CV event 2 in group I and 4 in group II. Conclusions:Both beta blockers found to be equally effective in management of patients with hypertension.
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Background: Gallstones are the most common biliary pathology. Gall bladder metaplasia has been cited as precursor lesion of dysplasia and therefore carcinoma. The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of gallbladder metaplasia due to underlying cholelithiasis and to establish its correlation with dysplasia and carcinoma. Materials and methods: All the post cholecystectomy samples during 1 year period from October 2017 to September 2018 submitted for histopathology comprised the study material. Results: Total 359 cases were included, of which metaplasia was seen 152(42.3%). Antral metaplasia is commonest 104 (29.0%) followed by combined metaplasia cases 34 (9.5%) and than intestinal only cases in 14(3.9%). Significant correlation was seen between intestinal metaplasia to antral metaplasia and dysplasia. Conclusion: Very high prevalence of metaplasia was observed. Antral metaplasia was more frequent than combined metaplasia followed by intestinal alone. Intestinal metaplasia was statistically correlated to dysplasia.
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Nigella sativa, Allium sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum are common dietary spices also traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus. Clinical research has confirmed the efficacy of several spices extract in the modulation of oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). The therapeutic activity of each individual spice is well documented, but their effect when combined is unknown. Polyherbalism is of current interest because polyherbal formulations enhance therapeutic action and reduce the concentrations of single herbs, thereby reducing adverse events. This study evaluated the hypoglycaemic and anti oxidative activity of aqueous extract of black cumin, garlic, fenugreek individual and its combination at different doses in STZ-NT-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated with aqueous extract for 30 days. These extract significantly (p<0.05) lowered the elevated fasting blood glucose, oxidative parameters but no effect seen in haematological indices. This oxidative stress was related to a decreased superoxide dismutase activity in diabetic rats. We suggested that black cumin, garlic, fenugreek and its combination could be used as antidiabetic complement in case of Type II diabetes mellitus.
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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of symptomatic gall-stones The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the surgical outcome of LC performed with the patient under spinal anaesthesia with that of LC performed with the patient under general anaesthesia in the management of symptomatic uncomplicated gallstone disease. Methods: An Observational Descriptive Study was done on total 100 cases. Outcome Measures noted were a) Conversion rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia to general anaesthesia, b) Hypotension and c) Bradycardia. Results: Spinal anaesthesia is a feasible, safe and effective alternative to general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative hypotension, and bradycardia need to be addressed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia. Provided with good patient selection laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia can substitute that under general anaesthesia. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia is a better option for selected group of patients while anticipating fast track surgery or day care surgery
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A 45 year old diabetic but non hypertensive female presented with unilateral ptosis and complete external ophthalmoplegia on the left side. All the routine investigations were inconclusive. A signal void change was found in MRI study including angiogram of brain. On performing VEP (visually evoked potential), there was mild left optic pathway dysfunction (axonal and demyelinating). A probable diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS) was made and the patient was started on steroids. She responded dramatically to the therapy and was discharged on steroids. Thus the diagnosis of THS was confirmed. On follow up after one month, both her ptosis and ophthalmoplegia had resolved completely. On subsequent follow up visits, she was free of any ophthalmological symptoms and signs.
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Background: Children with Hearing Impairment often experienced inability to recognize speech sounds, delay in language acquisition, educational disadvantage, social isolation and difficulties to communicate. The study was aimed to develop the word lists in Hindi for speech sounds to work on articulation errors for children with Hearing Impairment in the age range of 0-6 years. Methods: The different speech sounds were selected as per phonological developmental stage of the child. The selected speech sounds were given to 15 judges (5 Parents, 5 Special educators and 5 Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathologist) to validate the speech sounds. After getting validation from the judges, 10 speech sounds were selected to develop word lists (Story books for the children were used to develop the word lists). Results: ANOVAs test was done to see the significant difference among the groups for the selected speech sounds. To signify that there was no significant difference among the groups for the selected speech sounds, intra-reliability test was done. List of words with picture were developed in each position (initial, medial and final) of the selected speech sound. Conclusions: The word lists in Hindi will be a tool for the Parents, Teachers and Speech Language Therapists to work on different speech sounds for the hearing impaired children with articulation errors. The word lists will also help to improve articulation skills of other children with developmental disorders. However, more number of words lists needs to develop and familiarization need to be done before uses of the developed word lists.
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Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS), an acute and fatal disease of cattle and buffalo is primarily caused by serotype B:2 or E:2 of Pasteurella multocida. The transferrin binding protein A (TbpA) has been found to act as immunogen and potent vaccine candidate in various Gram negative bacteria including P. multocida. The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of this antigen as a DNA vaccine against HS in mice model. The tbpA gene of P. multocida serotype B:2 was cloned in a mammalian expression vector alone and along with murine IL2 gene as immunological adjuvant to produce monocistronic and bicistronic DNA vaccine constructs, respectively. The immune response to DNA vaccines was evaluated based on serum antibody titres and lymphocyte proliferation assay. A significant increase in humoral and cell mediated immune responses was observed in mice vaccinated with DNA vaccines as compared to non immunized group. Additionally, the bicistronic DNA vaccine provided superior immune response and protection level following challenge as compared to monocistronic construct. The study revealed that DNA vaccine presents a promising approach for the prevention of HS.